0704-883-0675     |      dataprojectng@gmail.com

KINETICS AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOL UPTAKE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES

  • Project Research
  • 1-5 Chapters
  • Abstract : Available
  • Table of Content: Available
  • Reference Style: APA
  • Recommended for : Student Researchers
  • NGN 5000

ABSTRACT The uptake of phenol from simulated aqueous solution using agricultural wastes as adsorbents is the focus of this research work. The agricultural wastes used were corn cob and rice husk which were modified with tetraoxophosphate V acid (H3PO4) and carbonized to give corn cob activated carbon (CCAC) and rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) respectively. The surface area of the adsorbents was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen absorption method. Other physical properties of the adsorbents such as fixed carbon, bulk density, moisture content, volatile matter etc were determined using the method of Association of Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). Instrumental characterization was carried out using the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer to determine the functional groups present in the adsorbents. The effects of batch adsorption operational parameters such as contact time, initial phenol concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage and pH on the phenol uptake were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to nine linear isotherms and tennon linear isotherms. Nine linear and non linear kinetic models were employedin the kinetic study. Eight error terms were used to determine the significance of the errors associated with these models. Three mechanistic models were used to determine the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and the activation energy (Ea) were evaluated. The adsorption process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN). Packed bed adsorption column was performed to determine the effects of influent concentration, flowrate, particle size and bed height. Seven kinetic models were employed in describing the kinetics of the continuous adsorption process. BET surface area of CCAC was 903.7 m2 /s while that of RHAC was 417.7 m2 /s. Effects of operational parameters showed that the removal efficiency of phenol increased with increase in adsorbent dosage and contact time but decreased with temperature and initial phenol concentration. Adsorption kinetic process was best described by pseudo-second-order. The Langmuir and Flower-Guggenhein best fitted the adsorption equilibrium data. Mechanistic modeling showed that external mass transport mechanism was the rate controlling step. The ΔG ranged from -7.7 to -11.2 K/mol while ΔH ranged from 13.96 to 14.83KJ/molfor the adsorbents, suggesting that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic respectively. The optimum conditions for the uptake of phenol for RHAC were dosage of 0.8g, contact time of 70.8 minutes, phenol concentration of 150 mg/l and temperature of 50 oC while for CCAC, the optimum conditions were dosage of 1.5g, temperature of 50 oC, contact time of 90 minutes and phenol concentration of 100 mg/l. This gave maximum adsorption efficiency of 92.6% and 93.5% for RHAC and CCAC respectively. Quadratic model best fitted the optimization process. ANN gave a good correlation of 0.9959 for validation of the optimum result with predicted maximum adsorption of 92.3% using CCAC and 93.4 for RHAC. Flowrate, influent phenol concentration and bed height affect the removal of phenol in the column adsorption. Wolborska and Clark kinetic models best described the column adsorption process. The study has shown that CCAC and RHAC can effectively be used as adsorbents in the uptake of phenol from aqueous solution. vii 





Related Project Materials

An Assessment of the Impact of Historical Labor Reforms on Employment Structures in Nigeria

Background of the Study (400 words)
Labor reforms in Nigeria have historically been a critical element of the country&rsquo...

Read more
An examination of the usage patterns of open access journals by postgraduate students in Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State

Background of the Study
The increasing importance of open access journals in academia has created a paradigm shift in how p...

Read more
Photography and the Preservation of Historical Monuments: A Case Study in Kaltungo Local Government Area, Gombe State

Chapter One: Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Historical monuments are invaluable assets that serve as physical embodim...

Read more
THE ROLE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECE) IN FOSTERING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS AMONG NIGERIAN CHILDREN

Abstract: This research examines the role of early childhood education (ECE) in fostering critical thinking...

Read more
THE ROLE OF BUDGETING IN ACHIEVING FINANCIAL GOALS

THE ROLE OF BUDGETING IN ACHIEVING FINANCIAL GOALS

 

The objectives of this research are to: (1) analyze the role of budge...

Read more
EFFECTS OF BLENDED LEARNING ON OFFICE TECHNOLGY AND MANAGEMENT STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT AND INTEREST IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SOUTH WEST NIGERIA

Background to the Study

Office technology and management (OTM) programme is a fundamental part of vocational education in the Department...

Read more
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Property Valuation and Pricing in Kaduna State

Background of the Study
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant strides in various sectors, and its application i...

Read more
THE APPLICATION OF LINEAR PROGRAMMING IN PROFIT MAXIMIZATION

Background of the study

Every company or organization in the world strives to find the most efficient m...

Read more
The Effectiveness of Government Accounting in Reducing Leakages in Nigerian Subsidy Programs: A Case Study of Fertilizer Subsidies

Background of the Study

Subsidy programs are critical tools for supporting economic development and imp...

Read more
The influence of online extracurricular activities on students’ social development in Dutse West LGA, Jigawa State

Background of the study
Online extracurricular activities have emerged as a dynamic supplement to formal education, offeri...

Read more
Share this page with your friends




whatsapp