KINETICS AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOL UPTAKE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT The uptake of phenol from simulated aqueous solution using agricultural wastes as adsorbents is the focus of this research work. The agricultural wastes used were corn cob and rice husk which were modified with tetraoxophosphate V acid (H3PO4) and carbonized to give corn cob activated carbon (CCAC) and rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) respectively. The surface area of the adsorbents was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen absorption method. Other physical properties of the adsorbents such as fixed carbon, bulk density, moisture content, volatile matter etc were determined using the method of Association of Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). Instrumental characterization was carried out using the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer to determine the functional groups present in the adsorbents. The effects of batch adsorption operational parameters such as contact time, initial phenol concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage and pH on the phenol uptake were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to nine linear isotherms and tennon linear isotherms. Nine linear and non linear kinetic models were employedin the kinetic study. Eight error terms were used to determine the significance of the errors associated with these models. Three mechanistic models were used to determine the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and the activation energy (Ea) were evaluated. The adsorption process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN). Packed bed adsorption column was performed to determine the effects of influent concentration, flowrate, particle size and bed height. Seven kinetic models were employed in describing the kinetics of the continuous adsorption process. BET surface area of CCAC was 903.7 m2 /s while that of RHAC was 417.7 m2 /s. Effects of operational parameters showed that the removal efficiency of phenol increased with increase in adsorbent dosage and contact time but decreased with temperature and initial phenol concentration. Adsorption kinetic process was best described by pseudo-second-order. The Langmuir and Flower-Guggenhein best fitted the adsorption equilibrium data. Mechanistic modeling showed that external mass transport mechanism was the rate controlling step. The ΔG ranged from -7.7 to -11.2 K/mol while ΔH ranged from 13.96 to 14.83KJ/molfor the adsorbents, suggesting that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic respectively. The optimum conditions for the uptake of phenol for RHAC were dosage of 0.8g, contact time of 70.8 minutes, phenol concentration of 150 mg/l and temperature of 50 oC while for CCAC, the optimum conditions were dosage of 1.5g, temperature of 50 oC, contact time of 90 minutes and phenol concentration of 100 mg/l. This gave maximum adsorption efficiency of 92.6% and 93.5% for RHAC and CCAC respectively. Quadratic model best fitted the optimization process. ANN gave a good correlation of 0.9959 for validation of the optimum result with predicted maximum adsorption of 92.3% using CCAC and 93.4 for RHAC. Flowrate, influent phenol concentration and bed height affect the removal of phenol in the column adsorption. Wolborska and Clark kinetic models best described the column adsorption process. The study has shown that CCAC and RHAC can effectively be used as adsorbents in the uptake of phenol from aqueous solution. vii
Related Project Materials
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL BACKGROUND ON THE EDUCATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT OF STUDENTS
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Over the years, the nation has been expe...
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA SAFESHOP
ABSTRACT
Trust is a major factor in the internet business. This is not surprising as it is very convenient for cyber criminals to swindle...
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK BASED PREDICTION AND COOLING ENRGY OPTIMIZATION OF DATA CENTERS
ABSTRACT
Thermal management of data centers remains a challenge because of their everincreasing power densities and decreasing server foo...
INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL FEEDING PATTERN ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY
ABSTRACT
The study investigated the influence of parental feeding pattern on childhood obesity in Ikemm...
DETERMINANTS OF WASTING AND OBESITY AMONG SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN USING ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENT
Background of the study
Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a...
DYNAMIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND RECEDING HORIZON CONTROL OF BLOOD GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION
ABSTRACT
Biological systems usually consist of large number of components and involve processes at a variety of spatial, temporal and bio...
AN INVESTIGATION OF HEALTHCARE WASTE MANAGEMENT, KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICES AMONG HEALTH WORKERS
Background to the Study
The infectious nature of trash from healthcare settings poses a risk to the general population&#...
THE INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SEPARATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Abstract
This study examined the influence of parental Separation on Academic Achievement of Secondary School Student in Lagos Educationa...
THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL SCALE BUSINESS
ABSTRACT
This is survey study carried out to investigate the small scale businesses&nb...
PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF TEACHING BUSINESS STUDIES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS
ABSTRACT
The need to check the Problems and Prospects of teaching Business Studies as necessitate this research work. Th...
