KINETICS AND OPTIMIZATION OF PHENOL UPTAKE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES
- Project Research
- 1-5 Chapters
- Abstract : Available
- Table of Content: Available
- Reference Style: APA
- Recommended for : Student Researchers
- NGN 3000
ABSTRACT The uptake of phenol from simulated aqueous solution using agricultural wastes as adsorbents is the focus of this research work. The agricultural wastes used were corn cob and rice husk which were modified with tetraoxophosphate V acid (H3PO4) and carbonized to give corn cob activated carbon (CCAC) and rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) respectively. The surface area of the adsorbents was determined using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) nitrogen absorption method. Other physical properties of the adsorbents such as fixed carbon, bulk density, moisture content, volatile matter etc were determined using the method of Association of Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). Instrumental characterization was carried out using the Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the surface morphology and the Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectrophotometer to determine the functional groups present in the adsorbents. The effects of batch adsorption operational parameters such as contact time, initial phenol concentration, temperature, adsorbent dosage and pH on the phenol uptake were investigated. The adsorption equilibrium was evaluated by fitting the experimental data to nine linear isotherms and tennon linear isotherms. Nine linear and non linear kinetic models were employedin the kinetic study. Eight error terms were used to determine the significance of the errors associated with these models. Three mechanistic models were used to determine the adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy change (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and the activation energy (Ea) were evaluated. The adsorption process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the artificial neural network (ANN). Packed bed adsorption column was performed to determine the effects of influent concentration, flowrate, particle size and bed height. Seven kinetic models were employed in describing the kinetics of the continuous adsorption process. BET surface area of CCAC was 903.7 m2 /s while that of RHAC was 417.7 m2 /s. Effects of operational parameters showed that the removal efficiency of phenol increased with increase in adsorbent dosage and contact time but decreased with temperature and initial phenol concentration. Adsorption kinetic process was best described by pseudo-second-order. The Langmuir and Flower-Guggenhein best fitted the adsorption equilibrium data. Mechanistic modeling showed that external mass transport mechanism was the rate controlling step. The ΔG ranged from -7.7 to -11.2 K/mol while ΔH ranged from 13.96 to 14.83KJ/molfor the adsorbents, suggesting that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic respectively. The optimum conditions for the uptake of phenol for RHAC were dosage of 0.8g, contact time of 70.8 minutes, phenol concentration of 150 mg/l and temperature of 50 oC while for CCAC, the optimum conditions were dosage of 1.5g, temperature of 50 oC, contact time of 90 minutes and phenol concentration of 100 mg/l. This gave maximum adsorption efficiency of 92.6% and 93.5% for RHAC and CCAC respectively. Quadratic model best fitted the optimization process. ANN gave a good correlation of 0.9959 for validation of the optimum result with predicted maximum adsorption of 92.3% using CCAC and 93.4 for RHAC. Flowrate, influent phenol concentration and bed height affect the removal of phenol in the column adsorption. Wolborska and Clark kinetic models best described the column adsorption process. The study has shown that CCAC and RHAC can effectively be used as adsorbents in the uptake of phenol from aqueous solution. vii
Related Project Materials
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE ORAL DOSE OF CIMETIDINE AND PROPANTHELINE ON THE PHARMACOKINETIC OF PARACETAMOL IN HUMAN
ABSTRACT
Comparison of the effects of a single oral dose of cimetidine and propantheline on the pharmacokinetics of paracetamol were stud...
THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT POLICY ON THE GROWTH OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SCALE BUSINESS
Abstract
In this study the definition of small-scale industries was fully illustrated, which is...
A SURVEY OF THE AVAILABILITY AND USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS FOR ART TEACHING
Abstract
This study was a survey of the availability and usage of contemporary art teaching and learning materials in Co...
PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN
Abstract
In this project a comprehensive analysis or discussion of the result is made. It gives a detailed analysis of...
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF OXYGENATES ON BIODIESEL FROM FRESH AND USED COOKING OIL
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that will soon be fully accepted in the commercial world but there are limitations to its use that...
UTILIZATION OF INFORMATION AMONG ARABLE CROP FARMERS
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to examine the utilization of agricultural knowledge and information by arable farmers in E...
INFLUENCE OF SUPERVISION ON PROVISION AND MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KANO METROPOLIS, KANO STATE, NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
This study is on “Influence of Supervision on Provision and Management of Resources in Secondary Schools in Kano Metropoli...
IMPACT OF ADVERTISEMENTS ON FIRM PERFORMANCE
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
Advertisement is primary aim to upsurge the sales of the advertised firms. Fundamentally, it is g...
THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY SIZE ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Academic performance often determined the individual scores in relation to performance of othe...
EXAMINATION OF LIBRARY SERVICE PROVISION AND USER SATISFACTION IN SPECIAL LIBRARIES
EXCERPT FROM THE STUDY
The library is a learning institution that houses treasures of knowledge that are maintained, org...
